Enterprise value vs equity value: build the valuation bridge
Work out what each measure values, classify debt, cash and other claims, and bridge between enterprise value and a per-share equity value with checked answers.
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Convert text to numbers in Excel without damaging identifiers
Diagnose a total that silently ignores text-stored amounts, convert the amount column with VALUE or Paste Special, and keep leading-zero account codes intact.
NPV in Excel: place the initial investment in the right period
Calculate NPV in Excel from a small project schedule, see why the time-zero payment belongs outside the NPV function, and compare periodic NPV with dated XNPV.
PMT in Excel: calculate and check a loan payment
Calculate a loan payment with Excel's PMT function, keep the sign and rate-period conventions straight, and reconcile every payment into interest and principal.
Retained earnings formula: reconcile profit, dividends and the balance sheet
Build a two-year retained earnings roll-forward with a profit year and a loss year, catch a dividend sign error and reconcile the result to balance-sheet equity.
SUMIF vs SUMIFS: build a checked finance report
Compare SUMIF and SUMIFS on a small invoice ledger: entity and status totals, January date boundaries, silent argument-order zeros and a reconciliation check.